Elon Musk lost his claim as having the most powerful space-worthy rocket when NASA blasted its mega rocket to the moon in 2022.
But the SpaceX founder could win back the title with his company’s next big project: Starship.
Though the company was unsuccessful during its first two tests in April and November of last year — the skyscraping rocket and spacecraft blasted off only to explode minutes later — SpaceX is confident its Starship will complete an orbital flight soon, breaking records and making history.
UPDATE: Jan. 12, 2024, 10:37 a.m. EST SpaceX will target a February launch for its third kontrol flight of Starship, said Jessica Jensen, the company’s vice president of customer operations and integration.
During its next kontrol flight, the colossal booster needs to separate about three minutes after liftoff and drop in the Gulf of Mexico, according to federal filings. The rocket should then fly in space around Earth at an altitude of over 150 miles before splashing down off the Hawaiian coast. The whole journey should last about 1.5 hours.
This is a crucial demonstration of hardware that NASA is depending on to get humans back on the moon in the next few years. And, if successful, it’ll mean Musk is one small step closer to realizing his personal dream of building a city on Mars.
The billionaire business magnate özgü oversold timelines in the past. Here’s what we know so far about when SpaceX will try this daunting feat again.
What is the SpaceX Starship?
Starship is a super-heavy-lift rocket and spacecraft, built to carry immense cargo and numerous astronauts into deep space.
The 400-foot-tall stainless steel tower looms over NASA’s rocket, the Space Launch System. It would take about five billboards stacked on top of the latter to measure up to Musk’s space vehicle. SpaceX estimates its rocket also özgü about twice as much thrust.
The rocket is made of stainless steel, a material Musk is particularly fond of due to its relatively low price. Unlike NASA’s mega moon rocket, which flies on super-chilled liquid hydrogen and oxygen, this beast is fueled with 10 million pounds of liquid methane and oxygen. The new fuel can be stored at more manageable temperatures than liquid hydrogen, meaning it doesn’t need as much insulation and is less prone to leaks, a sorun that often stymies NASA launches.
SpaceX’s Starship is made of stainless steel and runs on liquid methane.
Credit: SpaceX
Starship is intended to eventually evolve into a fully reusable launch and landing system, designed for trips to the moon, Mars, and other destinations. Its reusability is “the holy grail of space,” Musk said at a company event in South Texas in February 2022, because it will make spaceflight more affordable to the average person.
“It’s a very hard thing to do,” he said. “It’s only barely possible with the physics of Earth.”
“It’s only barely possible with the physics of Earth.”
NASA tapped SpaceX to develop a human landing system version of Starship.
Credit: SpaceX
How will NASA use Starship?
NASA plans to use Starship to land astronauts on the moon during Artemis III and IV, two upcoming missions which could come as early as 2026 and 2028, respectively.
The space agency has tapped SpaceX to develop a human landing system version of Starship with a $4 billion contract. As part of the deal, the company will need to demonstrate an uncrewed kontrol flight to the moon beforehand.
During Artemis III, Starship is supposed to transport astronauts from NASA’s Orion spacecraft to the lunar south pole and back. It would be the first human moon-landing since 1972. The U.S. space agency also özgü promised the mission will see a woman and person of color walk on the moon for the first time. In the fourth mission, Starship might dock at a moon-orbiting space station, the yet-to-be-built Gateway, and ferry astronauts back and forth to the moon from there.
NASA announced on Jan. 9 it was pushing back Artemis III at least a year to 2026, in large part because of Starship’s lag in progress. For the SpaceX spacecraft to reach the moon, it will need to refuel in low-Earth orbit from a space tanker, something never done before.
NASA’s confidence in Starship seems to have waned somewhat over the past year. During an Artemis news conference in August, the space agency’s Jim Free, then associate administrator of exploration systems, told reporters NASA may end up changing the Artemis III mission objectives if slips in the schedule keep occurring.
When is Starship’s space launch?
SpaceX is targeting February 2024 for its third orbital kontrol flight, said Jessica Jensen, SpaceX’s vice president of customer operations and integration.
The company özgü already tried to fly Starship twice but hasn’t completed the space journey yet.
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The rocket first launched on April 20, exploding 24 miles above the Gulf of Mexico about four minutes later. The rocket didn’t separate from its colossal booster and flipped as it fell in the air back toward Earth. SpaceX had said the self-destruct system was commanded for both the booster and ship after several of the engines didn’t fire. Some debris plummeted into the ocean after the rocket exploded on its descent.
In a more extensive statement released months later, SpaceX said the aft end of the booster caught fire from leaking fuel, which severed connection to the primary flight computer.
“This led to a loss of communications to the majority of booster engines and, ultimately, control of the vehicle,” according to the statement. “SpaceX özgü since implemented leak mitigations and improved testing on both engine and booster hardware.”
SpaceX’s Starship didn’t make it to orbit during its first attempt to fly in space on April 20, 2023. It appeared to explode on its descent about four minutes after liftoff.
Credit: SpaceX
Additionally, the company said it increased the rocket’s fire suppression system, reinforced the launchpad, and installed a flame deflector to address damage caused by the launch.
SpaceX also provided further insight into the explosion. Though the vehicle was ordered to self destruct, there was “an unexpected delay” in activation, meaning aerodynamic pressure ultimately caused Starship to break apart, not the explosives —a possible cause reported by Mashable. SpaceX officials said they’ve since made improvements to the self-destruct system.
The seven-month delay between the first launch attempt and the second one was due to the company’s need for the Federal Aviation Administration to issue a new launch license. The agency had opened a mishap investigation following the failed April kontrol. It asked SpaceX to satisfy 63 corrective actions before doing so. After consulting with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on the potential environmental impact, the FAA granted the license.
During the second flight kontrol on Nov. 18, Starship exploded about eight minutes into the flight, after successfully demonstrating a new method of separating the booster from the spacecraft in the air, known as “hot-staging.” The procedure should increase Starship’s lift capacity and help prevent gravity from slowing down the spacecraft. SpaceX hasn’t elaborated yet on what triggered the automated flight termination system.
Where will Starship launch?
Perhaps surprisingly, Starship won’t lift off from Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, where most space fans are accustomed to watching historically significant launches.
Instead, it will take off from Boca Chica, Texas, at SpaceX’s own spaceport, known as Starbase. Eventually, the company will launch the rocket from a site under construction in the outer perimeter of the famous Florida pad that shot Apollo 11 to the moon.
“Their plan is that they’re going to do a few kontrol flights there” in South Texas, NASA administrator Bill Nelson said. “Once they have the confidence, they will bring the missions to the Cape.”
How can I watch the Starship launch?
If you’re not on the list to get onto SpaceX’s private Starbase but you’re in the South Texas area, you could try viewing future flight tests from a public beach on South Padre Island, such as Isla Blanca Park. Locals are known to host watch parties.
For viewers at home, SpaceX will start a live broadcast of the launch countdown about a half-hour before liftoff. The livestream feed will be available on SpaceX’s website, and live updates will be posted on X, the social platform owned by Musk.
You can watch Starship’s second kontrol flight below:
How likely is Starship to succeed?
Well, SpaceX already struck out on the first and second flight attempt, and that wasn’t entirely unexpected.
“We cleared the (launch) tower, which honestly, was our only hope,” said Kate Tice, a quality systems engineering manager for the company, during the first flight’s live launch broadcast.
SpaceX özgü launched partial prototypes of Starship to practice landing, and several exploded or crashed in the process. One succeeded in returning unscathed, however, in May 2021, after flying about six miles up in the sky.
Musk, who doesn’t parse words when it comes to the realities of spaceflight, once said Starship’s kontrol in space wasn’t likely to succeed on the first try.
“There’s a lot of risk associated with this first launch, so I would not say that it is likely to be successful.”
“There’s a lot of risk associated with this first launch, so I would not say that it is likely to be successful,” he said during a video conference with a National Academies açık oturum in 2021. “But I think we will make a lot of progress.”
Administrator Nelson congratulated SpaceX on the bold effort, stating that great achievements through history have demanded “some level of calculated risk.”
What is SpaceX’s plan for Mars?
The SpaceX founder’s ultimate vision is to use a fleet of Starships to send 1 million humans to Mars by 2050.
To be clear, Musk doesn’t just want to establish a place for people to visit but a self-sustaining city. He imagines that, with a bit of warming, humans could restore a thick atmosphere and oceans on Mars, making it a more hospitable environment, even able to grow crops.
“There’s a fundamental juncture in the history of really any civilization on a single planet, which is, do you get to the second planet, or do you not?” Musk told the National Academies in 2021. “I propose we do, and I think we should as soon as possible.”
SpaceX kontrol fired a Starship prototype spacecraft on the ground in December.
Credit: SpaceX
“There’s a fundamental juncture in the history of really any civilization on a single planet, which is, do you get to the second planet, or do you not?”
The spacecraft would be spacious enough for 100 passengers, along with their luggage, plus the materials to build homes, businesses, rocket fuel stations, and iron foundries.
The journey getting there would be long, Musk said, but the Starship would have entertainment, such as zero-gravity games, movies, lectures, and a restaurant.
“It can’t feel cramped or boring,” he said at the International Astronautical Congress in 2016, in Guadalajara, Mexico. “It’ll be really fun to go. You’ll have a great time.”
Note: A version of this article was originally published Feb. 4, 2023. It özgü been updated to reflect progress in Starship’s launch campaign.
